Ammonium Hydroxide - Taiwan

Ammonium hydroxide, also referred to as aqueous ammonia, is represented by the chemical formula NH₄OH or denoted as NH₃ (aq). It possesses solubility in water and emits a pungent odor, presenting itself as a clear, colorless liquid. When dissolved in water, it yields an exceptionally basic solution. In a 1M ammonia solution, approximately 1.42% of the ammonia transforms into ammonium, resulting in a high pH of 11.63.

Manufacturing Process

The production process of ammonium hydroxide encompasses the following stages:

1. Ammonia Synthesis
Ammonia is synthesized using the Haber-Bosch process, wherein nitrogen and hydrogen undergo a reaction at elevated temperatures and pressures with the aid of a catalyst.

2. Ammonia Absorption
The produced ammonia gas is subsequently absorbed in water to create ammonium hydroxide. This absorption can be achieved through various methods, including direct dissolution or absorption in a falling-film absorber.

3. Purification of Ammonium Hydroxide
The resulting solution undergoes purification to eliminate any impurities, such as carbon dioxide or other gases. Purification methods may involve distillation or aeration.

4. Ammonium Hydroxide Concentration
The purified solution is then concentrated to the desired strength using techniques like evaporation or reverse osmosis. The concentration level is adjusted based on the intended application of the ammonium hydroxide.

Food Industry

Ammonium hydroxide and other ammonia-based substances are commonly employed in food manufacturing. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has deemed ammonium hydroxide as safe, following the "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) classification. It is approved for use as a leavening agent, pH control agent, and surface-finishing agent in food, with no restrictions other than adherence to current good manufacturing practices.

Detergent Industry

Ammonium hydroxide is a constituent of various cleaning agents and is present in numerous formulations designed for window cleaning.

Waste Water Treatment

Ammonium hydroxide is frequently employed in the production of chloramine, a disinfectant known for its prolonged activity in stagnant water pipes, thereby minimizing the potential for waterborne infections.